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U2403B
Charge Timer
Description
The U2403B is a monolithic, integrated bipolar circuit which can be used in applications for time-controlled, constant-current charge. Selection of charge current versus timing is carried out by using the external circuit at Pins 2, 3 and 4. For high current requirement, an external transistor is recommended in series with the battery. To protect the IC against high power loss (typically > 140C), the oscillator is shut down when the reference voltage is switched off (0 V). The latter also takes place when there is a saturation caused by collector voltage at Pin 1. When the overtemperature has disappeared and the collector voltage at Pin 1 has exceeded the supply voltage (V1 > VS), charge time operation continues (see flow chart in figure 4).
Features
D D D D D D D D Easy-to-run autonomous dual rate charger Constant charge current 3 h - 24 h charge time programmable Low-cost DC regulator Overtemperature protection Charge-mode indication Operation starts at the moment of battery insertion Fast charge-time test mode
Applications
D Cordless telephones D Low-cost battery-charge timer D Entertainment
Block Diagram
R1 Power supply AC/DC LED2 Battery inserted Charge R5 LED 8 Charge mode indicator LED1 Ready VS 6 Power supply VS = 3.5 to 12 V GND 7 Test mode 5 STM C1
i max 140C 1 V1 i 2 Shunt
Timer and control logic VRef = 1.5 V/ 0.1 V/ 0 V VRef + - 3 Sense R3 R4 RC oscillator 4 Osc C4
Figure 1. Block diagram with external circuit
Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
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U2403B
Ordering Information
Extended Type Number U2403B-x U2403B-xFP U2403B-xFPG3 Package DIP8 SO8 SO8 Remarks Tube Tube Taped and reeled
Pin Description
V1 V2 Sense 1 8 LED Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Symbol V1 V2 V3 Osc STM VS GND LED Function Collector terminal Shunt emitter terminal Amplifier sense input Oscillator input Test mode switch Supply voltage Reference point, GND Charge mode indicator
2
7
U2403B
3 6 VS STM
Osc
4
Figure 2. Pinning
5
Pin 1, Collector Voltage V1
Pin 1 is an open collector output. When V1 3 V, the charge cycle is switched off until it is above the supply voltage, as shown in figure 6.
n
= frequency divider = 26, if STM open = 17, if STM = GND = 8, if STM = VS
Pin 2, Shunt Emitter
The constant current source is supplied by the internal operational amplifier. The voltage across R3 is determined via the internal reference source. Ich = V3/R3 (V3 = Vsense)
The first eight divider stages can be tested directly. 256 input tact signals at Pin 4 create one tact signal at Pin 5.
1 2 3 256
Pin 4
Oscillator
Pulse
Pin 3, Amplifier Sense Input (Inverted)
The voltage-regulated current source has a closed loop at Pin 2, Pin 3, and resistor R3.
Pin 5 Test - Mode
Pin 4, Oscillator Input R4, C4
Selection of current charge versus timing is carried out by using the external circuit at Pins 2, 3, and 4. Typical values are given in charge characteristics (see table next page). Example
Figure 3. Quick test timer 1/3
Assume a charge time of 6 h. Select the values of R4 and C4 from the tables next page. For example: R4 = 470 kW C4 = 680 pF
Pin 5, Test-Mode Switch for Charging Time
The charging time, tch, is given by the following equation. t ch + 1 fosc where: fosc = oscillator frequency (see figure 3) 2 (12) 2n
There is a frequency of approximately 3100 Hz at Pin 4. It is possible to test the charge time of 6 h by running through the charge cycle for a very short time. By connecting Pin 5 with GND, the test time is 42 s. By connecting Pin 5 with Pin 1 (V1), the test time is reduced to about 82.4 ms. R5 is connected in parallel to the LED2 and provides a protective bypass function for the LED (see figure 1). Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
U2403B
Pin 6, Supply Voltage, VS
VS [ 3.1 V power-on reset release (turn-on) VS [ 2.9 V under-voltage reset VS [ 13 V supply voltage limitation
Trickle Charge
The trickle charge starts after the charge has been terminated. In this case, the internal reference voltage is reduced from 1.5 V to approximately 0.1 V. This means the charge current is decreased by the factor: K = 1.5 V/ 0.1 V = 15. Trickle current = Ich / 15 + I6 (supply current) + I8 It is possible to reduce the trickle charge with resistor R6, as shown in figures 7 and 8.
Pin 7, Ground Pin 8, Charge Mode Indicator
An open-collector output supplies constant current to LED1 after the active charge phase has been terminated. imax controls the function temperature for the final stage range. This is when the temperature is above 140C and the charge function is therefore switched off.
Charge Characteristics
Charge Time
Test Time/ Test-Mode Switch STM Open VS GND 3h 41.2 ms 21 s Oscillator Components R4 (kW) C4 (pF) 510 270 430 330 300 470 620 330 430 470 300 680 510 470 390 680 300 1000 620 470 470 680 360 1000 560 680 430 1000 220 2200 620 680 470 1000 200 2200 750 680 510 1000 240 2200 620 820 270 2200 130 4700 390 2200 150 4700 470 2200 200 4700 Frequency fosc (Hz) 6213
4h
54.9 ms
28 s
4660
5h
68.6 ms
35 s
3728
6h
82.4 ms
42 s
3105
7h
96.1 ms
49 s
2663
8h
109.8 ms
56 s
2330
9h
123.6 ms
1 min 3 s
2071
10 h
137.3 ms
1 min 10 s
1864
12 h 16 h
164.8 ms 219.7 ms
1 min 24 s 1 min 56 s
1553 1165
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U2403B
start no Battery inserted
Turn on VS > 3.5 V V3 = 1.5 V LED2 "ON" Timer start
Test Open GND VS mode Divider 226 217 28
Tj > Tmax no V1 < 3.0 V no
yes
yes V3[0 V Interrupt charging LED2 "OFF" Interrupt no
Tj < Tmax yes
no
V1 > VS yes V3 = 0 V Continuous charging LED2 "ON" Continuous timing
no
End of timing yes LED2 "OFF" LED1 "ON" Trickle charge mode V3 = 100 mV Battery removed yes Undervoltage reset no
Figure 4. Flow chart
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U2403B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Reference point Pin 7 (GND), unless otherwise specified. Parameters Pin 6 Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 8 Pins 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 Pin 2 Pin 4 Symbol IS is I1 -I2 I3 I4 I5 I8 V V2 V4 Tj Tamb Tstg Value 20 100 300 310 1 15 -75 to +120 8 13.5 1.6 1.5 150 -10 to 85 -50 to +150 Unit mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA V V V C C C
Supply current t 100 ms Currents
Voltages
Junction temperature Ambient temperature Storage temperature range
Thermal Resistance
Parameters Junction ambient DIP8 SO8 on PC-board SO8 on ceramic SO8 on ceramic with thermal compound Symbol RthJA RthJA RthJA RthJA Value 120 220 140 80 Unit K/W K/W K/W K/W
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U2403B
Electrical Characteristics
VS = 6 V, Tamb = 25_C, reference point Pin 7 (GND), unless otherwise specified. Parameters Supply voltage limitation Test Conditions / Pins IS = 4 mA Pin 6 IS = 20 mA Pin 6 VS = 6 V Pin 6 Symbol VS VS IS VTON VTOFF Pin 8 I8 V8 Ilkg Pin 1 ICO VTON VTOFF I2 I3 V3 V3 V3 Ilkg VT(u) fosc fosc I5 I5 V0(H) V0(L) 15 2.55 VS-1V 250 -0.6 1.42 40 -0.4 -0.5 875 2700 305 40 -75 1.7 0.5 3.0 VS 55 3.35 VS-0.4V 285 0.08 1.58 100 40 0.1 985 3050 345 120 -20 2.5 1.0 mA V V mA mA V mV mV mA mV Hz Hz mA mA V V 3.0 -0.35 6.0 960 1.1 mA mV mA Min. 12.5 12.6 1.4 2.8 2.5 Typ. Max. 13.5 13.7 2.2 3.5 3.2 Unit V V mA V V
Supply current Voltage monitoring Turn-on threshold Turn-off threshold Charge-mode indicator (LED) LED current LED saturation voltage I8 = 3.7 mA Leakage current Collector terminal, figure 6 Open collector current Saturation threshold VS = 6 V
Shunt emitter current R3 = 5.6 W Pin 2 Operational sense amplifier, figure 1 Pin 3 Input current V3 = 0 V Input voltage VRef = 1.5 V VRef = 100 mV VRef = 0 V Oscillator Pin 4 Leakage current V4 = 0 to 0.85 V Threshold voltage Upper Oscillator frequency R4 = 160 kW, C4 = 2.2 nF R4 = 680 kW, C4 = 4.7 nF Test mode switch (STM) Pin 5 Input current V5 = 6 V V5 = 0 V Output voltage High Low
1.5 70
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U2403B
Internal Temperature Switch
The internal temperature monitoring is active if the chip temperature rises above 140C. Above this temperature the voltage at Pin 3 goes to zero. Similarly, the charge current, Ich, reduces according to the equation: Ich = V3 / R3 where Ich = 1 to 2 mA (IC supply current)
Automatic Control Protection
To reduce the design costs, it is possible to select the transformer which requires minimum power supply. The output stage of the control is selected so that it is switched off before saturation is achieved (VCEsat = 3.0 V). In this case, the voltage at Pin 3 is kept at a value of zero. The charge current is also zero and the transformer is now an open circuit impedance. The system becomes active again if V1 VS. The advantage of the system is that if sags of short duration appear on the mains voltage or if the transformers used are too small, the charge duration is increased, but the charge capacity remains the same, see figure 6.
The oscillator is connected to GND via Pin 3 (V3) which holds the present time status. When the chip temperature decreases below the transition value, all functions are released and the charge time is continued. The process is reversible. If there is a higher power dissipation in the circuit (Tj > 140C), the temperature monitoring remains permanently activated (ON). The total cycle time is prolonged according to the interrupt-time duration, see figure 5.
Tj 140C Tj 130C
Charge current I1 Timing
Charge mode
Counting timer
t
Figure 5. Charge duration - overtemperature
VS -V1 3.0 V 0V Charge current I1 Timing
Charge mode
Counting timer
t
Figure 6. Charge duration - V1
Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
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U2403B
Standard Applications
Basic Example
NiCd battery 750 mAh Charging time: 3 h Charge current: g 240 mA, 1/3 C A Trickle charge: 19 mA < 1/40 C R1 = 510 W, 1/8 W C1 = 47 mF/ 16 V R3 = 6.2 W, 1/2 W R4 = 300 kW C4 = 470 pF R5 = 8.2 W, 1/2 W
Basic Equations
R1 = 0.5 V / IS IS = 1.8 mA R5 = V5/ (Ich - 20 mA) Nominal Charge Current: Ich = V3/R3 where V3 = 1.48 V (typ.) Trickle Current: Ich = V3/R3 + I8 + IS Typical values are: V3 = 100 mV, I8 = 4.5 mA
Minimum Supply Voltage
No of Cells 1 2 3 4 5 DC Supply Minimum 6.8 V 8.3 V 9.8 V 11.3 V 12.8 V
R5 Charge DC supply Ich READY LED1 8 7 6 R1 C1 IS 5
U2403B
LED2
Special Requirements of Different Charge Times
R4, C4 values for different charging times 2h 4h 6h 7h 12 h 300 kW 430 kW 470 kW 470 kW 390 kW 330 pF 470 pF 680 pF 1 nF 2.2 nF
1
2
3
4
R4
R4 C4
R3
C4
Special Requirements for Different Charge Current
R3, R5 values for different charge current R3 R5 240 mA 6.2 W 8.2 W 150 mA 10 W 15 W 100 mA 15 W 22 W 50 mA 30 W 68 W
Figure 7. Standard application
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U2403B
Booster and Trickle Charge Reduction Basic Example
NiCd battery 1000 mAh Charging time: 2 h Charge current: 500 mA Trickle charge: 22 mA < 1/22 C R1 = 510 W, 1/8 W C1 = 100 mF/ 16 V R3 = 3 W/ 1 W R4 = 300 kW C4 = 330 pF R5 = 3.9 W/ 1 W C2 = 1 mF
Basic Equations
R1 = 0.5 V / IS R5 = V(LED2)/ (Ich - 20 mA) Nominal Charge Current: Ich = V3/ R3 V3 = 1.48 V, typically Trickle Current: Ich = V3/R3 + ILED1 + IS - I6 Typical values: V3 = 100 mV ILED1 = 4.5 mA IS = 1.8 mA Trickle-Charge Reduction (I6) I6 = (VBatt + VD1)/R6 VD1 = 0.75 V
Supply Voltage
No of Cells 1 2 3 4 5 DC Supply Minimum VS = 6.5 V 8.0 V 9.5 V 11.0 V 12.5 V
BYW52 DC supply D1 R6 R1 C1
I6
READY LED1 8 IS 6 5 S1
Ich
7
Special Requirements for Different Charge Times
R4, C4 values for different charge times 2h 4h 6h 7h 12 h 300 kW 430 kW 470 kW 470 kW 390 kW 330 pF 470 pF 680 pF 1 nF 2.2 nF
C2 R2 10 kW BD 136 or BC 636 1
U2403B
2
3
4
R4 C4
R4 R5 Charge LED2 S1: use for test only R3 C4
Special Requirements for Different Charge Current
R3, R5 values for different charge currents 616 mA 2.4 W 3W 493 mA 3W 3.9 W 411 mA 3.6 W 4.7 W 296 mA 5W 6.8 W
Figure 8. Application for charge current > 250 mA
R3 R5
R6 = 560 W, reduced trickle charge
To fulfill requirements of higher charge current an external booster transistor can be used (see figure 8). As the temperature cannot be monitored in this case a heat sink with a resonable size should be used for safe operation. Test mode switch S1 can be used for accelerated production check.
Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
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U2403B
Charge System at Higher Voltage of 30 V
Charge systems with higher voltages than VSmax can be realized with the additional expander circuitry, as shown in figure 9. This circuit contains a simple temperature monitoring function. When the temperature level is reached, the transistor, T3, is switched on. If T3 is switched on and there is current flow into Pin 5, normal charge is terminated.
+
DC-Supply 30 V
+
Battery R 11 NTC R 10 T3 BC212
-
-
R1 Ich R2 LED2 D2 BC212 mounted T1 on T2 heatsink BD135 LED1 red TLHR5400 R5 R7 R6 C2 1 8
D1 green TLHG5400 7 6 5
R8
U2403B
2
3
4
LED1 normal charge LED2 trickle charge R3 R1 = 1 kW, R2 = 10 kW, R3 = f(IC), R4 = f(time), R5 =13 W/0.5 W, R6= 1 kW, R7 = 10 kW, R8 = 47 kW, R10 =10 kW, R11 = f(temp.), D1 = 1N4148, D2 = BZX85C10, C1 = 100 mF/6 V, C2 = 10 nF, C4 = 330 pF R11 = f(temp.) depends on number of cells
R4
C4
Figure 9. U2403B for higher supply voltage up to 30 V with integrated temperature monitoring
No of Cells 2 3 4 5
R11 13 kW 8.2 kW 6.2 kW 4.7 kW
NTC Value 25C 40C 50C
6.8 kW 3.9 kW 2.8 kW
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Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
U2403B
Package Information
Package DIP8
Dimensions in mm
9.8 9.5 1.64 1.44 7.77 7.47
4.8 max 6.4 max 0.5 min 0.58 0.48 7.62 8 5 2.54 3.3 0.36 max 9.8 8.2
technical drawings according to DIN specifications
1
4
Package SO8
Dimensions in mm
5.00 4.85 1.4 0.4 1.27 3.81 8 5 0.25 0.10 0.2 3.8 6.15 5.85 5.2 4.8 3.7
technical drawings according to DIN specifications
1
4
Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01
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U2403B
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of Atmel Germany GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. Atmel Germany GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. Atmel Germany GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Atmel Wireless & Microcontrollers products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Atmel Wireless & Microcontrollers against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet: http://www.atmel-wm.com
Atmel Germany GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423
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Rev. A4, 12-Jan-01

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